You reach the top of the stairs and you are slightly out of breath. Not exhausted. Just winded enough to notice. Maybe you tell yourself you need to get back to the gym, or that you are not as young as you used to be. Most people do.
And almost all of them get the cause wrong.
Here is what a growing body of exercise science suggests: that breathless, gasping feeling usually has very little to do with how fit you are, how strong your heart is, or how old you happen to be. It comes down to a muscle most people have never trained, and most have never even been told about.
That muscle is your diaphragm, the main engine behind every breath you take. Together with the small muscles between your ribs, it does the physical work of pulling air in. And like any muscle that never gets trained, it tires quickly. When it does, you feel it as breathlessness, long before your legs or your heart are anywhere near their limit.